Central African Shear Zone

The Central African Shear Zone (CASZ) (or Shear System) is a wrench fault system extending in an ENE path from the Gulf of Guinea by Cameroon into Sudan. The structure is just not well understood. The shear zone dates to at the very least 640 Ma (million years in the past). Motion occurred alongside the zone throughout the break-up of Gondwanaland within the Jurassic and Cretaceous durations. A number of the faults within the zone have been rejuvenated more than once before and through the opening of the South Atlantic within the Cretaceous interval. It has been proposed that the Pernambuco fault in Brazil is a continuation of the shear zone to the west. In Cameroon, the CASZ cuts throughout the Adamawa uplift, a submit-Cretaeous formation. The Benue Trough lies to the north, and hedge trimming shears the Foumban Shear Zone to the south. Volcanic activity has occurred along many of the size of the Cameroon line from 130 Ma to the current, and may be associated to re-activation of the CASZ.



The lithosphere beneath the CASZ on this area is thinned in a relatively narrow belt, with the asthenosphere upwelling from a depth of about 190 km to about a hundred and twenty km. The Mesozoic and Tertiary movements have produced elongated rift basins in central Cameroon, northern Central African Republic and southern Chad. The CASZ was formerly thought to extend eastward solely to the Darfur region of western Sudan. It is now interpreted to increase into central and japanese Sudan, with a complete size of 4,000 km. In the Sudan, the shear zone could have acted as a structural barrier to growth of deep Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary basins within the north of the area. Objections to this idea are that the Bahr el Arab and Blue Nile rifts lengthen northwest beyond one proposed line for the shear zone. However, the alignment of the northwestern ends of the rifts on this areas supports the idea. Ibrahim, Ebinger & Fairhead 1996, pp.



Dorbath et al. 1986, pp. Schlüter & Trauth 2008, pp. Foulger & Jurdy 2007, pp. Plomerova et al. 1993, pp. Bowen & Jux 1987, pp. Bowen, Robert; Jux, Ulrich (1987). Afro-Arabian geology: a kinematic view. Dorbath, C.; Dorbath, L.; Fairhead, J. D.; Stuart, G. W. (1986). "A teleseismic delay time research across the Central African Shear Zone within the Adamawa region of Cameroon, West Africa". Foulger, hedge trimming shears Gillian R.; Jurdy, Donna M. (2007). Plates, plumes, and planetary processes. Geological Society of America. Ibrahim, A. E.; Ebinger, C. J.; Fairhead, J. D. (20 April 1996). "Lithospheric extension northwest of the Central African Shear Zone in Sudan from potential subject studies". Pankhurst, Robert J. (2008). West Gondwana: pre-Cenozoic correlations throughout the South Atlantic Region. Plomerova, J; Babuska, V; Dorbath, C.; Dorbath, L.; Lillie, R. J. (1993). "Deep lithospheric structure throughout the Central African Shear Zone in Cameroon". Geophysical Journal International. 115 (2): 381-390. Bibcode:1993GeoJI.115..381P. Selley, Richard C. (1997). African basins. Schlüter, Thomas; Trauth, Martin H. (2008). Geological atlas of Africa: with notes on stratigraphy, tectonics, economic geology, geohazards, geosites and geoscientific education of every country. シュプリンガー・ジャパン株式会社.



Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's fee-dependent resistance to a change in shape or to motion of its neighboring parts relative to one another. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal idea of thickness; for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. Viscosity is outlined scientifically as a power multiplied by a time divided by an area. Thus its SI models are newton-seconds per metre squared, or pascal-seconds. Viscosity quantifies the interior frictional drive between adjoining layers of fluid that are in relative movement. For instance, when a viscous fluid is forced through a tube, it flows extra quickly near the tube's center line than near its walls. Experiments present that some stress (resembling a stress distinction between the 2 ends of the tube) is needed to sustain the stream. It is because a power is required to beat the friction between the layers of the fluid that are in relative motion. For a tube with a constant rate of move, the power of the compensating drive is proportional to the fluid's viscosity.



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