「Demystifying The Myth: Easy Crypto Day Trading Strategies For Beginners」の版間の差分

ナビゲーションに移動 検索に移動
編集の要約なし
(ページの作成:「Are you a newbie around the world of cryptocurrency investing? Have you been actually pounded with guidance and also methods that promise to create you a fortune over nig…」)
 
1行目: 1行目:
Are you a newbie around the world of cryptocurrency investing? Have you been actually pounded with guidance and also methods that promise to create you a fortune over night? It's time to distinct fact from fiction and debunk some of the best usual fallacies neighboring crypto investing. In this particular write-up, our company will definitely study the globe of day trading, discovering the techniques that really function and disproving the ones that are actually nothing even more than a wild-goose chase.<br><br>Coming from specifying sensible expectations to knowing market trends, our experts'll arm you with the expertise you require to succeed in the fantastic globe of cryptocurrency trading. Therefore grab your coffee, resolve in, and prepare yourself to expose those crypto investing fallacies once and also for all.<br><br>Busting the Myth: Easy Crypto Day Trading Strategies for Beginners<br><br>Tabulation<br><br>What is crypto day investing?<br>Value of specifying objectives.<br>Knowing market fads.<br>Threat control approaches.<br>Opting for  telegram crypto signals the correct investing platform.<br>Technical analysis fundamentals.<br>Vital analysis fundamentals.<br>Setting up an investing program.<br>Managing emotions while investing.<br>Importance of continuous understanding.<br>Tips for reducing losses.<br>Developing a disciplined investing program.<br>Encourage Your Crypto Trading Journey with Signal For All: The Ultimate Day Trading Platform for Beginners<br>1. What is crypto time investing?<br>To do well in crypto day investing, novices should keep track of market patterns, assess price graphes, and bring in simple selections located on specialized and vital evaluation. Establishing crystal clear objectives, handling risks effectively, as well as deciding on a suited investing platform are actually vital. A trading program along with entry as well as exit points, in addition to stop-loss purchases, may assist in making updated decisions and also minimizing losses. Emotional states are essential in exchanging, so it's essential to remain disciplined and steer clear of impulsive decisions driven by fear or even greed.<br><br>What is actually crypto day trading?<br>Continuous knowing is actually vital to staying lucrative, thus keeping upgraded on updates and growths is important. Establishing a routine that features frequent analysis, examining past fields, free crypto signals as well as adjusting tactics as needed are going to result in excellence in crypto day investing.<br><br>2. Relevance of establishing targets.<br>Establishing very clear, achievable targets will definitely guide your exchanging strategy as well as help you remain centered among the market place's changes. Comprehending market patterns is actually crucial for making informed selections. Newbie investors must likewise prioritize risk control strategies to guard their capital. Choosing the best exchanging platform that lines up with your targets as well as desires is actually a crucial choice that can impact your exchanging excellence.<br><br>Significance of establishing targets.<br>Amateurs ought to additionally learn basic specialized analysis to interpret rate graphes and acknowledge entrance and also leave aspects. Vital evaluation is actually crucial also, as it uncovers the factors determining cryptocurrency costs. Developing a comprehensive exchanging program detailing your goals, risk resistance, and also methods is actually an essential come in doing well at crypto day exchanging. Feelings can easily overshadow judgment, so handling all of them properly and also adhering to your strategy is actually critical. Ongoing learning as well as remaining informed concerning market developments will definitely improve your exchanging skill-sets as you browse the world of crypto time exchanging.<br><br>3. Comprehending market fads.<br>Newbies need to discover to recognize patterns like uptrends, declines, and sidewards fads to make far better investing selections. Performing technological analysis as well as analyzing historic cost records may deliver knowledge right into market styles. Keeping improved on present market trends with headlines sources, market analysis files, best crypto signals telegram and also social networking sites networks may boost exchanging tactics. Monitoring aspects like governing growths, economical indications, and field headlines can easily help beginners expect price activities. Being actually positive and also adjusting swiftly to changing disorders can easily enhance amateurs' chances of results in crypto time trading.<br><br>Knowing market styles.<br>4. Threat control methods.<br>Properly managing make use of through dispersing investments across a variety of cryptocurrencies assists minimize danger. Consistently examine risk-reward ratios for each trade and also change tactics as necessary. Focus on risk control to successfully trade, paying attention to keeping funds. Learning and also technique are actually essential to knowing risk and creating successful threat administration strategies customized to private exchanging designs.<br><br>Danger control approaches.<br>Successful traders recognize the importance of lessening losses and also optimizing earnings in the crypto market.<br><br>5. Deciding on the best trading platform.<br>Different exchanging platforms have special resources and also functions for numerous investing styles. Newbies need to look at charges, assisted cryptocurrencies, consumer help, and consumer expertise when picking a system. It is actually significant to ensure the system complies with guidelines as well as safeguards real estate investors' funds. Additionally, novices should learn more about the system's components to strengthen trading productivity.<br><br>Opting for the right trading system.<br>Comprehending how to trade, set stop-loss orders, keep track of performance, as well as access market records may impact excellence. Several platforms supply trial represent practice. By making use of platform resources effectively, amateurs can easily make enlightened selections in the unpredictable crypto market.<br><br>6. Technical study essentials.<br>Technical review resources include fad lines, assistance as well as resistance amounts, and also red flags like moving averages and Relative Strength Index (RSI). By examining previous cost activities, investors may recognize patterns and also styles to forecast potential rate adjustments. Beginners in crypto day investing need to have to comprehend the basics of specialized study. Reviewing cost graphes and deciphering clues may deliver insights in to market conditions and  crypto trading signals also feasible entry or departure factors.<br><br>Technical review rudiments.<br>Identifying graph designs like triangles and also head as well as shoulders can help investors determine options. Likewise, knowing momentum indications like the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) may help investors evaluate cost motion toughness. Efficiency in specialized evaluation may boost an investor's decision-making and enrich their overall trading approach.<br><br>7. Vital evaluation basics.<br>Beginners in crypto time exchanging ought to know the essentials of a coin or token to bring in knowledgeable investing choices. Through analyzing whitepapers, roadmaps, as well as alliances, investors can acquire ideas in to a project's prospective growth and also lasting stability. Keeping up with information updates as well as industry trends is likewise necessary to remain informed concerning factors influencing the price motion of a cryptocurrency.<br><br>Basic evaluation fundamentals.<br>Economical red flags, market sentiment, regulations, as well as worldwide celebrations can easily affect the cryptocurrency market. Novices must make use of fundamental evaluation together with technological analysis to possess a comprehensive review of the market. Through incorporating both strategies, investors can create knowledgeable choices based upon a comprehensive understanding of a cryptocurrency's essentials and also market setting. Proficiency in basic evaluation is actually critical for pinpointing premium tasks and also navigating the powerful crypto market confidently.<br><br>8. Establishing an exchanging strategy.<br>A trading plan resembles a roadmap for amateurs in the uncertain crypto market. It maintains investors on the right track, assists them steer clear of spontaneous steps, and also handle fields effectively. Furthermore, an exchanging plan need to possess approaches for different circumstances to get used to market changes. It should likewise map out requirements for selecting trades, timing for implementing them, and means to examine and also readjust the planning as essential. Along with a very clear trading strategy, novices can trade constantly, lower psychological selections, as well as boost overall efficiency.<br><br>Establishing an investing strategy.<br>9. Handling feelings while investing.<br>Managing emotional states is crucial in day trading. Anxiety and greed can easily lead to rash choices as well as feasible reductions. Beginners need to be actually disciplined and concentrated on their exchanging strategy to prevent emotional fields located on temporary modifications. Bearing with and controlling feelings can help traders adhere to their approaches and also create logical options.<br><br>Taking care of emotions while investing.<br>Procedures like mindfulness, specifying practical expectations, as well as taking breaks may assist in psychological command, aiding investors preserve a bright strategy to their professions.<br><br>10. Value of continuous knowing.<br>Keeping updated on market updates, technology innovations, and also regulations is actually essential for traders to make knowledgeable selections. Making use of on-line information like webinars, online forums, as well as write-ups may supply useful insights on market trends and also investing procedures. Finding mentorship or even participating in investing neighborhoods can easily additionally use options to gain from skilled investors and strengthen skill-sets. Additionally, examining past fields, pinpointing advantages and also weaknesses, as well as gaining from mistakes may substantially boost future trading techniques.<br><br>[https://www.quora.com/Can-you-recommend-any-good-cryptocurrency-signal-groups-on-Telegram quora.com]Relevance of constant understanding.<br>For  [http://xn--jj0bt2i8umnxa.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=108910 Binance trading Signals] newbies aiming to prosper in cryptocurrency investing, ongoing discovering and skill-set improvement are actually essential. Through keeping notified and also consistently boosting their understanding of the market, newbies can easily boost their possibilities of effectiveness. Utilizing internet sources, finding mentorship, and studying past business are very important actions towards coming to be a prosperous investor. Through taking these measures, novices can easily establish the know-how and abilities essential to grow in the fast-paced planet of cryptocurrency investing.<br><br>11. Tips for lessening reductions.<br>Coinbase emphasizes the importance of risk administration techniques in their exchanging guidelines. Establishing stop-loss orders, branching out investments, as well as sticking to a fixed trading program can easily aid relieve possible losses. Traders ought to additionally consider leveraging technical signs and also cost styles to help make enlightened selections as well as reduce risks linked with market volatility. Constant surveillance of field postures and quickly replying to modifying market ailments are actually crucial techniques to limit losses.<br><br>In addition, investors may apply proper setting sizing methods as well as stay away from mental decision-making to stop substantial drawdowns. Remaining improved on market patterns, conducting extensive investigation on properties, and also inquiring coming from expert traders can easily offer important understandings for danger reduction. Understanding from previous oversights as well as assessing shedding exchanges can additionally contribute to refining investing tactics and preventing future losses. By integrating these strategies in to their investing program, newbies can easily boost their danger management capabilities and enhance their overall investing efficiency in the very competitive cryptocurrency market.<br><br>12. Establishing a disciplined exchanging regimen.<br>Output: Please deliver the text message you desire me to clear away from. Phone call to Actions or even Conclusions.<br><br>voicedrop.ai tagarticly.ai tag<br>Encourage Your Crypto Trading Journey with Signal For All: The Ultimate Day [https://seconddialog.com/question/debunking-the-myth-easy-crypto-day-trading-strategies-for-beginners-10/ binance trading Signals] Platform for Beginners<br>In a planet where the cryptocurrency market is actually exploding as well as brand new digital assets are being presented at a rapid pace, the requirement for reliable time exchanging tactics for beginners has never been actually additional critical. Go into Signal For All, a cutting edge system that utilizes the electrical power of artificial knowledge to provide consumers along with real-time crypto indicators that may assist them navigate the intricacies of the market along with assurance as well as convenience.<br><br>With Signal For All, also one of the most novice investors can easily make knowledgeable choices and optimize their profits, many thanks to the platform's innovative protocols and innovative technology.The charm of Signal For All hinge on its simplicity as well as ease of access.<br><br>Consumers may quickly access the platform coming from their desktop or even mobile unit, enabling all of them to keep attached to the marketplace in all opportunities. The AI-powered signs provide users along with useful ideas and recommendations, taking the uncertainty away from time exchanging and also empowering newbies to make brilliant, calculated relocations.<br><br>Along with Signal For All by their edge, signal crypto even newbies may experience like professional professionals, with confidence navigating the inconsistent planet of cryptocurrency exchanging with ease. Bid farewell to uncertainty and also hi to results with Signal For All - the ultimate resource for amateurs trying to control the globe of crypto day exchanging.<br><br><br><br>Finally<br>Finally, Crypto day exchanging can easily be actually an extremely rewarding however also very inconsistent quest for newbies. It calls for a mix of ability, know-how, and field to navigate the ever-changing landscape of the electronic currency market.<br><br>Along with the correct tactics and mentality, newbies may possibly profit from the rapid rate activities as well as earnings options that are plentiful within this fast-paced atmosphere. Having said that, it is vital to approach day exchanging with care and to always be actually prepared for the risks involved.<br><br>By keeping educated, developing very clear exchanging purposes, and frequently honing their techniques, beginners can easily boost their possibilities of success as well as reduce potential reductions. Essentially, constructing a solid structure and polishing one's abilities are essential to growing around the world of crypto day trading.<br><br>Thus, whether you're a veteran financier or even simply beginning, don't forget to regularly wage caution, keep concentrated, as well as never ever quit learning. The world of cryptocurrencies is actually regularly evolving, and also with the correct technique, the probabilities are endless.<br><br><br>[https://signalforall.com/ https://signalforall.com/]<br><br>[https://signalforall.com/ta/crypto-signals/ https://signalforall.com/ta/crypto-signals/]<br><br><br>Pleased exchanging!
Are you a newbie worldwide of cryptocurrency investing? Possess you been actually pounded with insight and also methods that guarantee to make you a ton of money overnight? It's opportunity to separate simple fact from fiction and signal crypto unmask a few of the most common beliefs encompassing crypto trading. In this particular post, our experts will definitely dive in to the globe of time investing, checking out the tactics that in fact function as well as debunking the ones that are absolutely nothing much more than a refuse of time.<br><br>Coming from specifying reasonable assumptions to recognizing market trends, our company'll arm you along with the understanding you need to have to be successful in the thrilling globe of cryptocurrency investing. Therefore grab your coffee, settle in, and obtain ready to bust those crypto trading fallacies at last.<br><br>Debunking the Myth: Easy Crypto Day Trading Strategies for Beginners<br><br>Tabulation<br><br>What is crypto day exchanging?<br>Value of specifying goals.<br>Comprehending market trends.<br>Threat monitoring approaches.<br>Selecting the appropriate trading system.<br>Technical evaluation essentials.<br>Fundamental analysis basics.<br>Specifying up an exchanging program.<br>Managing feelings while trading.<br>Usefulness of constant knowing.<br>Tips for minimizing losses.<br>Creating a regimented exchanging schedule.<br>Equip Your Crypto Trading Journey along with Signal For All: The Ultimate Day Trading Platform for Beginners<br>1. What is actually crypto time trading?<br>To succeed in [https://toto-site.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=1147574 crypto trading signals] time exchanging, newbies should track market trends, analyze rate charts, as well as create easy decisions based on technical as well as fundamental analysis. Specifying clear objectives, dealing with dangers properly, as well as deciding on an appropriate [http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/business/ifb2016-offers-ukti-global-platform-11499034 trading platform] are actually key. An exchanging planning with entry as well as leave aspects, as properly as stop-loss purchases, can easily help in creating notified selections and minimizing losses. Emotions are very important in trading, so it is actually essential to remain self-displined as well as avoid spontaneous choices driven by fear or even piggishness.<br><br>What is crypto day investing?<br>Continuous discovering is necessary to staying financially rewarding, thus staying improved on headlines as well as progressions is critical. Creating a routine that features frequent evaluation, assessing past fields, and changing approaches as needed will lead to success in crypto day exchanging.<br><br>2. Significance of setting goals.<br>Setting crystal clear, possible targets will definitely help your investing technique as well as help you remain focused amidst the market place's improvements. Understanding market trends is vital for producing updated decisions. Newbie investors need to additionally focus on danger monitoring approaches to protect their financing. Picking the appropriate trading system that straightens along with your targets and also choices is actually a crucial decision that can easily influence your investing success.<br><br>Relevance of setting objectives.<br>Novices need to likewise learn essential technological review to analyze cost charts and realize entry and leave aspects. Vital evaluation is crucial also, as it reveals the aspects influencing cryptocurrency costs. Developing a thorough exchanging plan summarizing your goals, threat resistance, and also strategies is actually a crucial intervene prospering at crypto time investing. Emotions can cloud judgment, thus managing them efficiently as well as sticking to your strategy is critical. Continuous understanding and remaining notified about market progressions will certainly boost your exchanging abilities as you navigate the globe of crypto day trading.<br><br>3. Knowing market patterns.<br>Novices must find out to determine fads like uptrends, downtrends, and sideways fads to make far better investing decisions. Carrying out technical analysis and studying historical price records can supply insights into market trends. Keeping improved on existing market styles through news sources, market analysis reports, and social media stations can easily improve exchanging strategies. Surveillance aspects like governing progressions, economical indicators, and also industry headlines can easily help amateurs prepare for price movements. Being proactive and conforming quickly to changing disorders can enhance novices' opportunities of results in crypto day exchanging.<br><br>Comprehending market fads.<br>4. Danger administration techniques.<br>Very carefully taking care of leverage by spreading out investments all over different cryptocurrencies assists reduce risk. Consistently evaluate risk-reward proportions for each field as well as readjust techniques as needed. Focus on threat administration to efficiently trade, paying attention to keeping funds. Education as well as technique are key to knowing risk as well as building successful danger control strategies modified to personal investing styles.<br><br>Danger monitoring tactics.<br>Prosperous investors realize the significance of lessening losses in addition to making the most of profits in the crypto market.<br><br>5. Deciding on the best exchanging system.<br>Different investing systems have one-of-a-kind resources and features for several investing types. Newbies should look at costs, supported cryptocurrencies, consumer assistance, as well as user knowledge when deciding on a platform. It's essential to make sure the platform observes regulations and safeguards entrepreneurs' funds. Additionally, amateurs must find out about the system's features to strengthen exchanging efficiency.<br><br>Picking the right trading system.<br>Recognizing how to trade, established stop-loss purchases, track functionality, as well as get access to market data can easily impact excellence. A lot of systems give trial accounts for technique. Through making use of system resources efficiently, amateurs can easily make educated selections in the volatile crypto market.<br><br>6. Technical study rudiments.<br>Technical study tools include fad lines, help and also protection amounts, and also indications like relocating standards as well as Relative Strength Index (RSI). Through researching past cost actions, traders can pinpoint patterns and fads to forecast future cost changes. Beginners in crypto day investing need to have to understand the basics of technological study. Checking out price charts and analyzing signs can easily use understandings into market health conditions as well as achievable entrance or even exit factors.<br><br>Technical analysis essentials.<br>Recognizing chart patterns like triangulars and also mind and shoulders may assist traders pinpoint opportunities. In a similar way, recognizing energy red flags like the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) may assist investors determine cost movement durability. Efficiency in technological evaluation can easily strengthen an investor's decision-making and enrich their total exchanging technique.<br><br>7. Fundamental study basics.<br>Beginners in crypto time exchanging ought to recognize the essentials of a coin or even token to bring in well informed exchanging choices. Through assessing whitepapers, roadmaps, and alliances, investors may acquire knowledge right into a project's potential development and long-term stability. Staying on par with news updates and also industry trends is actually likewise crucial to remain educated regarding factors influencing the rate action of a cryptocurrency.<br><br>Basic analysis fundamentals.<br>Economical signs, market view, requirements, and global occasions can impact the cryptocurrency market. Beginners should make use of basic analysis alongside technical analysis to possess a complete review of the market place. Through blending both approaches, investors may produce well-informed decisions located on a thorough understanding of a cryptocurrency's fundamentals as well as market atmosphere. Skills in vital analysis is important for determining premium ventures as well as getting through the powerful crypto market with confidence.<br><br>8. Specifying up an investing program.<br>An exchanging plan is like a roadmap for newbies in the erratic crypto market. It always keeps traders on course, assists all of them stay clear of spontaneous steps, and deal with professions efficiently. In add-on, a trading plan must have techniques for various situations to readjust to market adjustments. It needs to likewise outline standards for picking business, timing for implementing all of them, as well as ways to assess and change the plan as necessary. With a clear trading plan, beginners can trade continually, minimize emotional selections, and strengthen general efficiency.<br><br>Specifying up an exchanging plan.<br>9. Handling emotional states while exchanging.<br>Taking care of emotions is essential in time trading. Concern and also greed can lead to rash selections and feasible losses. Beginners require to be actually disciplined as well as centered on their trading planning to prevent psychological professions based upon short-term modifications. Holding your horses and managing emotional states can help traders follow their approaches and make reasonable options.<br><br>Taking care of emotional states while trading.<br>Techniques like mindfulness, establishing reasonable desires, as well as taking rests can support in mental management, aiding traders sustain a bright approach to their professions.<br><br>10. Value of continual understanding.<br>Staying updated on sector news, technology improvements, and laws is actually critical for traders to create educated selections. Taking advantage of on the web information like webinars, discussion forums, and also short articles may give important understandings on market trends and trading procedures. Looking for mentorship or even joining exchanging areas can also offer possibilities to profit from experienced investors as well as enhance skill-sets. Additionally, examining past trades, recognizing advantages as well as weak points, as well as profiting from oversights may considerably boost future exchanging methods.<br><br>Value of continuous knowing.<br>For newbies hoping to do well in cryptocurrency trading, continual discovering and also ability refinement are actually necessary. By remaining notified and frequently strengthening their understanding of the market place, beginners may improve their odds of success. Making use of on the web sources, looking for mentorship, and assessing past trades are actually very important steps in the direction of coming to be a productive trader. Through taking these steps, newbies can easily create the expertise and capabilities needed to grow in the fast-paced world of cryptocurrency exchanging.<br><br>11. Tips for decreasing reductions.<br>Coinbase highlights the usefulness of risk monitoring strategies in their trading guidelines. Preparing stop-loss orders, expanding expenditures, as well as sticking to an established investing planning can aid reduce prospective losses. Traders should likewise think about leveraging specialized indications and also rate patterns to create enlightened selections and also reduce dangers associated with market dryness. Constant monitoring of trade positions and also without delay reacting to changing market problems are actually crucial strategies to restrict losses.<br><br>On top of that, investors may apply proper position sizing approaches and also steer clear of psychological decision-making to avoid considerable drawdowns. Staying improved on market styles, performing in depth investigation on possessions, and also consulting coming from skilled traders can offer important insights for risk reduction. Learning from previous blunders as well as evaluating shedding trades can easily also support refining trading methods as well as avoiding future reductions. Through including these practices in to their investing regimen, amateurs may enhance their threat management capabilities and [http://trademaker.co.kr/yc5/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=2751595 Crypto trading Signals] boost their overall exchanging functionality in the competitive cryptocurrency market.<br><br>12. Creating a self-displined exchanging routine.<br>Result: Please give the message you desire me to take out coming from. Phone call to Actions or Conclusions.<br><br>voicedrop.ai tagarticly.ai tag<br>Inspire Your Crypto Trading Journey along with Signal For All: The Ultimate Day Trading Platform for Beginners<br>In a planet where the cryptocurrency market is exploding as well as new electronic possessions are being offered at a rapid pace, the need for signal crypto efficient time trading techniques for amateurs has never ever been additional crucial. Enter into Signal For All, a state-of-the-art platform that takes advantage of the power of artificial intelligence to provide consumers along with real-time crypto indicators that may aid all of them get through the difficulties of the market along with peace of mind as well as convenience.<br><br>With Signal For All, also the best unskilled investors can create educated choices and also optimize their earnings, with the help of the system's advanced protocols and also advanced technology.The charm of Signal For All hinge on its own simpleness as well as ease of access.<br><br>Users can simply access the platform coming from their personal computer or even cell phone, permitting them to remain attached to the market place whatsoever times. The AI-powered indicators offer customers along with valuable insights and suggestions, taking the uncertainty out of time trading and also enabling newbies to bring in clever, calculated actions.<br><br>With Signal For All by their side, even rookies may seem like professional experts, with confidence navigating the volatile planet of cryptocurrency trading effortlessly. Leave to unpredictability as well as hello there to effectiveness along with Signal For All - the supreme resource for amateurs appearing to overcome the world of crypto day trading.<br><br><br><br>Last But Not Least<br>To conclude, Crypto day investing could be a very fulfilling however also very inconsistent quest for beginners. It demands a mix of skill, expertise, and field to get through the ever-changing yard of the electronic money market.<br><br>Along with the ideal approaches and perspective, beginners may likely take advantage of on the rapid cost actions and earnings options that abound in this particular fast-paced setting. However, it is actually necessary to move toward time trading along with caution and also to consistently be actually readied for the threats entailed.<br><br>Through [https://www.keeping.com/ keeping] educated, creating clear investing objectives, and also continuously improving their approaches, free crypto signals newbies may improve their chances of effectiveness and also minimize possible losses. Eventually, building a sound foundation and developing one's abilities are crucial to flourishing on the planet of crypto time investing.<br><br>So, whether you're a veteran capitalist or merely beginning out, remember to consistently go ahead along with vigilance, stay concentrated, and never cease knowing. The planet of cryptocurrencies is frequently evolving, as well as along with the right approach, the opportunities are limitless.<br><br><br>[https://signalforall.com/ https://signalforall.com/]<br><br>[https://signalforall.com/he/ https://signalforall.com/he/]<br><br><br>Happy exchanging!
4

回編集

案内メニュー